Oklahoma's Latest Farm
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Barry Whitworth talks Prussic Acid Toxicity |
In today’s Cow-Calf Corner, Barry Whitworth, Senior Extension Specialist/Oklahoma BQA Coordinator talks about prussic acid toxicity.
Cattle producers throughout the state have been reporting cattle losses from cyanide/prussic acid toxicity. Some producers have expressed surprise that cyanide/prussic acid is a problem since there has been an overall abundance of moisture in the state this spring. According to the Mesonet website (www.mesonet.org), precipitation has been near or above normal for many parts of the state. However, as of July 1st, the same website revealed several counties that have recently been dry. These counties have received less than one quarter of an inch of rain, and during this same period, temperatures have skyrocketed. High temperatures and no rain for short periods of time stress plants. This stress leads to certain plants becoming toxic, including plants in the sorghum family.
Hydrocyanic acid (HCN), also referred to as cyanide or prussic acid, is the toxin in these plants that causes problems. The toxin is created when the harmless hydrocyanic glycosides in plants are stressed and break down. Once the hydrocyanic glycosides in the plants are damaged, they quickly convert to prussic acid which can kill an animal within minutes when consumed. When cattle ingest the plants high in hydrocyanic glycoside and break them down by chewing, the prussic acid is released in the rumen and absorbed into the blood stream. Once in the circulatory system, the toxin prevents cells in the body from taking up oxygen. The blood becomes saturated with oxygen which cannot be absorbed by the cells which is why normally dark venous blood appears bright red. The clinical signs are excitement, muscle tremors, increased respiration rate, excess salivation, staggering, convulsions, and collapse. The cattle actually die of asphyxiation.
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God Bless!
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Tim West
President/General Manager
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405-317-6361
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Director of Sales
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KC Sheperd
Farm Director
Radio Oklahoma Ag Network
405-443-5717
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Senior Farm/Ranch Broadcaster
Radio Oklahoma Ag Network
405.473.6144
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